RemoteStaking for FHE Validation

💼 Staking Mechanism in POSIV

Similar to POS, POSIV requires staking to represent voting power. Mind Network has developed a remote staking mechanism, deploying staking or restaking contracts in source chains like Ethereum, its rollup chains, Bitcoin L2, and AI bluechip chains. Tokens are locked in the source chains, while their amount information is sent to MindChain. MindChain keeps a ledger of all tokens owned by the staker, who then delegates to the SIV.

Benefits of RemoteStaking 🚀

RemoteStaking offers two major benefits:

1. Preventing Token Loss: It reduces the risk of token loss during bridging.

2. Minimizing Token Value Loss: It helps minimize token value loss during swapping. This design caters to the needs of our partners who may not always want to swap their existing tokens. Subnets can also accept multiple tokens as long as the total token values match

Immutable Ledger for Efficient Transactions 📜

An immutable ledger serves as an integrated accounting book for all economic transactions such as delegation, rewards, and slashing. It enhances settlement efficiency, especially for small transactions, and ensures error-free ledger replayability. Moreover, the ledger accommodates mixed token activities to meet the flexible demands of subnets, becoming a universal reference for checking stakers' Total Value Locked (TVL).

Unstaking Process ⏳

Unstaking occurs in the source chains, where smart contracts verify unstake amounts with the ledger and unlock tokens accordingly. Depending on the Task Definition in the subnet, unstake may get the updated stake amount if rewards are in the same tokens, or staked amount plus other token if rewards are in other tokens, or staked amount plus points if rewards are in points before token issues. Worth to mention, UTXO types of token needs careful consideration when design slash strategy.

Rewards and Slashing in Consensus

Both rewards and slashing are crucial in the consensus. We inspired from Ethereum consensus which has been proofed to be working for a long time. SIVs receive rewards for successfully submitting private votes, with higher rewards for good votes. On the slashing side, "bleeding" occurs if no votes are received, while "double voting" results in punishment. If more 2/3 stakes are lost, SIV are removed and need to re-opt-in if want to participate again.

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We have developed a docker image to enable FCN and FDN, and their main functions are as below:

/* stake and restake contract on source chain */
// stake tokens on source chain
function stake(uint256 fhePk) external
// unstake tokens on source chain
function unstake() external
// withdraw from source chain after cool down period
function withdraw() external

/* remote staking in MincChain */
// check ledger status
function checkTVL() external view returns (uint256)
// delegate to validator
function delegate() external
// undelegate from validator
function undelegate() external